Literaturdatenbank
Literaturdatenbank |
|
 |
|
Kik, M. J. L. (2002). Ultrasonographic diagnosis of pregnancy in some species of reptiles. European Association of Zoo- and Wildlife Veterinarians (EAZWV) 4thscientific meeting, joint with the annual meeting of the European Wildlife Disease Association (EWDA).
Added by: Admin (14 Aug 2008 20:38:49 UTC) |
| Resource type: Journal Article BibTeX citation key: Kik2002 View all bibliographic details  |
Categories: General Keywords: Chelonoidis, Chelonoidis carbonaria, Echsen = saurians, Geochelone, Schildkröten = turtles + tortoises, Schlangen = snakes, Testudinidae, Untersuchungsmethoden = examination method, Veterinärmedizin = veterinary medicine Creators: Kik Collection: European Association of Zoo- and Wildlife Veterinarians (EAZWV) 4thscientific meeting, joint with the annual meeting of the European Wildlife Disease Association (EWDA) |
Views: 3/600
Views index: 10% Popularity index: 2.5% |
| URLs www.ivis.org/proce ... 02/Repro/Repro.pdf |
| Abstract |
|
Abstract Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Trächtigkeitsbestimmung bei verschiedene Reptilienarten mittels Ultraschall mit einem 240 Parus Vet Scanner (Pie medical, Maastricht, The Netherlands). Das Ergebnis ist dass Ultraschall eine praktische Methode für die Trächtigkeitsdiagnostik bei Reptilien darstellt. Key words: ultrasound, ultrasonography, reptiles, pregnancy, diagnostics, 240 parus vet scanner, Pie medical. Introduction Foetal development in viviparous species as well as postovulatory egg development in oviparous species is described as "pregnancy". In snakes and lizards very often pregnancy can be determined by observation of the appearance and behaviour of the individual female (1). By gentle palpation, eggs or developing foetuses can be felt in some species of snakes or lizards. In some lizards eggs can be seen through the semi transparent skin. In tortoises and turtles the hard shell compromises the observations. Sometimes eggs can be palpated in the inguinal fossa. The reliable method of pregnancy determination can be obtained with radiography or ultrasonography. In lizards and snakes ultrasonography is the method of choice. In tortoises the limiting factor for ultrasound imaging is the size of the transducer and the size of inguinal openings, just cranial to the hind limbs (the femoral fossa). When this part of the tortoise is large enough, ultrasonography is a good choice (2). The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibilities of determining pregnancy in various reptile species with a 240 Parus Vet scanner (Pie medical, Maastricht, The Netherlands). Materials and methods The species of snake scanned ultrasonographically were three Corallus enydris hortulana (grey and black garden tree boa), one Epicrates cenchria cenchria (Brazilian rainbow boa), one Python molurus pimbura (Ceylonese python), and, two Thamnophis sirtalis (garter snakes). The lizards were three Tiliqua scincoides (blue tongued skink), one Pogona vitticeps (bearded dragon), two Physignathus cocincinus, (Chinese water dragon). The tortoises were two Geochelone carbonaria (red foot tortoise). All healthy mature female animals were scanned for pregnancy. Ultrasonic examination was performed using a 240 Parus Vet scanner with a curved array dual frequency probe (7.5 MHz) (Pie medical, Maastricht, The Netherlands). An ultrasound coupling gel (Pie medical, Maastricht, The Netherlands) was applied to the skin to avoid interposition of air. All individuals were manually restrained and no sedation was used. In snakes the ventral, caudal one third of the body length measured from the mouth to the cloaca, was scanned. In lizards the caudal halve of the body was scanned from the ventral side. The skinks were also scanned from the lateral side. In the tortoises the right and left inguinal openings (femoral fossa), just cranial to the hind limbs were used. Results Three out of 3 C. e. hortulana were pregnant, although th ey seemed to be in different stages of gestation (fig. 1 and 2).Fig. 1. C. e. hortulana. Pregnant, two fetuses can Fig. 2. C. e. hortulana . Pregnant, a large yolk be seen. portion with a fetus can be seen. The E. cenchria cenchria was also pregnant, which was totally unexpected (Fig. 3). The animal delivered 13 young snakes 39 days after the ultrasound was done. In only one blue tongue skinks, the heart of a foetus could be seen beating. The female delivered 8 dead, not fully developed and one living young a couple of days after the scan. The other lizards were not pregnant. One of the 2 G. carbonaria proved to be pregnant (fig.4). She delivered the eggs after one injection with oxytocine-SR(Intervet Nederland B.V., Boxmeer, The Netherlands). Conclusion Ultrasonography is a simple, fast, non-invasive method for the determination of pregnancy in different species of reptiles. In snakes when the ultrasound coupling gel is copiously administered no interposition of air hindered the imagin g. Whereas, in the skinks the gel needed to be applied for a longer period of time prior to scanning. Obviously the scales of the skinks are thicker and more rigid than in snakes. The size of the femoral fossa of the G. carbonaria was big enough for the size of this probe used. In oviparous snakes, staging of the duration of the pregnancy must be possible if enough animals are followed over time. In lizards differentiation of pre -ovulatory follicles and eggs in the oviduct is possible. One disadvantage of ultrasonography in tortoises is, when the number of eggs has to be counted in cases of dystocia. Superposition of eggs is possible and thus the number of eggs can vary. Ultrasound is a useful tool in the diagnostic evaluation of pregnancy in the different species of reptiles. The 240 Parus Vet scanner (Pie medical, Maastricht, The Netherlands) with a curved array dual frequency probe (7.5 MHz) is very useful for this purpose. References 1. DeNardo, D. Reproductive biology. In: Reptile medicine and surgery. Ed. D.R. Mader. 1996. W.B Saunders Company, U.S.A. pp. 212-213. 2. Penninck, D.G., J.S. Stewart, J.P. Murphy, and P. Pion. Ultrasonography of the California desert tortoise (Xerobates agassizi): anatomy and application. Veterinary radiology 199132,3: 112-116. Authors address: M. Kik Melissegaarde 16 3436 HZ Nieuwegein The Netherlands mail@kikdierenarts.nlm.kik@vet.uu.nl
Added by: Admin |