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Boice, R., Quanty, C. B., & Williams, R. C. (1974). Competition and possible dominance in turtles, toads, and frogs. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 86(6), 1116–1131. 
Added by: Sarina Wunderlich (01 Jan 2009 23:10:27 UTC)
Resource type: Journal Article
BibTeX citation key: Boice1974
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Categories: General
Keywords: Amphibien = amphibians, Emydidae, Schildkröten = turtles + tortoises, Terrapene, Terrapene carolina, Verhalten = ethology
Creators: Boice, Quanty, Williams
Collection: Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology
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Abstract     
Terrapene carolina Competitive feeding hierarchies were reliably stable in 3 experiments, one with 20 box turtles, one with 36 American toads, and one with 63 male leopard frogs. Primary concern was with possible artifacts of captivity and crowding, and in interpreting the hierarchies as dominance orders. The turtles showed that competition follows natural cycles and that hierarchies persist through hibernation. The toads were active competitors but failed to show a positive correlation between feeding rank and striking with the tongue. Crowding by group size in the frogs did not affect incidence of striking by individuals or the stability of hierarchies in groups of up to 18 frogs.
Added by: Sarina Wunderlich  
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