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Allender, M., Mitchell, M. A., & Cox, S. , Epidemiology and treatment of ranaviral disease in north american chelonians - abstract. Unpublished paper presented at Program and Abstracts of the Tenth Annual Symposium on the Conservation and Biology of Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles. 
Added by: Admin (06 Jan 2014 18:22:35 UTC)
Resource type: Conference Paper
BibTeX citation key: Allender2012b
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Categories: General
Keywords: Emydidae, Habitat - habitat, Nordamerika - North America, Schildkröten - turtles + tortoises, Terrapene carolina, Trachemys scripta, Veterinärmedizin - veterinary medicine, Viren - viruses
Creators: Allender, Cox, Mitchell
Collection: Program and Abstracts of the Tenth Annual Symposium on the Conservation and Biology of Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles
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Abstract     
Ranaviruses have been proposed as a major threat to amphibian biodiversity, and the impact of these pathogens on reptiles is less well understood. A quantitative PCR was developed using TaqMan that was 100% efficient in detecting the major capsid protein of frog virus 3 (FV3) in turtle samples. The overall prevalence of Ranaviruses in a study of 606 Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) across the SE US was 1.3%, with a non-significantly higher prevalence in juveniles than adults. The low prevalence found in this population supports the theory that this virus is associated with acute disease/death. Red-eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) challenged with FV3 had higher mortality rates when maintained at 22oC than at 28oC, supporting the theory that this virus is less virulent at higher temperatures. FV3 DNA was detected in whole blood, oral swabs, and cloacal swabs. The sensitivity and specificity of detection in both whole blood samples and cloacal swabs when compared to necropsy was 100%, while the sensitivity and specificity in oral swabs was found to be 67% and 100%, respectively. Clinical signs observed in experimentally infected Red-eared Sliders included lethargy, conjunctivitis, oral plaques, oral ulcers, and injection site swelling, while those in Box Turtles were fractures and diarrhea. Treatment of ranavirus with anti-viral therapy has been reported to have variably poor success, but was based on anecdotal dosing recommendations. Pharmacokinetic analysis of a single oral dose of valcyclovir demonstrated measureable levels, and may prove useful against this virus.
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