Literaturdatenbank
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Wimsatt, J., Thirakhupt, K., Mangone, B. A., Tothill, A., Childs, J. M., & Peloquin, C. A. (1999). Clarithromycin pharmacokinetics in the desert tortoise (gopherus agassizii). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 30(1), 36–43.
Added by: Admin (14 Aug 2008 22:46:59 UTC) |
| Resource type: Journal Article BibTeX citation key: Wimsatt1999 View all bibliographic details  |
Categories: General Keywords: Bakterien = bacteria, Blut = blood, Gopherus, Gopherus agassizii, Schildkröten = turtles + tortoises, Testudinidae, Veterinärmedizin = veterinary medicine Creators: Childs, Mangone, Peloquin, Thirakhupt, Tothill, Wimsatt Collection: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine |
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Testudinidae Gopherus agassizii Single-dose and multidose pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for clarithromycin in wild-caught desert tortoises seropositive for M. agassizii. Clarithromycin blood levels were measured in 3 tortoises for up to 72 h after a single oral dose of 7.5 mg/kg. In a second group of 6 tortoises, levels were measured after a dose of 15 mg/kg. Non-compartmental iterative 2-stage Bayesian and nonparametric expectation maximization pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for each tortoise assuming first order rate constants and the results are tabulated. There were considerable differences between the predicted results based on the single-dose study, and the actual results obtained for the multi-dose study. It is concluded that the study highlights the disadvantages of depending solely on single-dose studies and the potential value of oral administration of clarithromycin in tortoises. Clarithromycin is a new, safe orally administered macrolide antibiotic active against Mycoplasma sp. in humans. Single-dose and multidose pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for clarithromycin in wild-caught desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) seropositive for M. agassizii. Clarithromycin blood levels were measured in three tortoises for up to 72 hr after a single oral dose of 7.5 mg/kg. In a second group of six tortoises, levels were measured after a dose of 15 mg/kg. Noncompartmental iterative two-stage Bayesian and nonparametric expectation maximization pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for each animal assuming first order rate constants. At 15 mg/kg, the maximum concentration was 1.37 microg/ml, the time to maximum concentration was 8.0 hr, and a plasma half-life of 11.69 hr was derived from the latter method. The absorption constant was 0.08/hr, the absorption half-life was 8.47 hr, and the weight-normalized volume of distribution was 5.30 L/kg. Predictions derived by the latter method suggested a dosage of 15 mg/kg p.o. every 24 hr to achieve maximal blood levels of > or =1 microg/ml for multiple dosing. However, results from a preliminary multidose study with three tortoises indicate that the drug is accumulated; therefore, the predicted dose may be closer to 15 mg/kg p.o. every 2-3 days to maintain blood levels of 2-7.5 microg/ml. (For n = 3, 2-point linear regression median estimates for the apparent elimination rate constant (K) and half-life are 0.0227/hr and 30.52 hr, respectively.) This multidose accumulation reflects a slower apparent elimination than that predicted in the eight single-dose tortoises (i.e., K = 0.0593/hr, t1/2 = 11.69 hr). This study highlights a potential pitfall of depending solely on single-dose studies and the potential value of oral administration in reptiles.
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